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Understanding the frameworks

European Regulation

Comprehensive stablecoin and crypto-asset regulation across Europe through MiCA's harmonized framework, the UK's emerging stablecoin framework, and Switzerland's technology-neutral approach.

Regulatory frameworks

What governs stablecoins across Europe

2024Dec

MiCA

European Union
Unified crypto-asset regulation across 27 EU states, in force

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation creates a harmonized framework for crypto-assets across all EU member states. It establishes clear categories for e-money tokens and asset-referenced tokens, with requirements for authorization, reserve backing, and consumer protection.

2026Jun
Payment stablecoins under FCA rules, with Bank of England oversight of systemic issuers

The FCA confirmed its final policy position for UK-issued qualifying stablecoins in PS26/10 on 30 June 2026, covering issuance and redemption, backing assets and their safeguarding, and disclosures. In the same month the Bank of England published its policy statement and draft Code of Practice for systemic stablecoin issuers, which it intends to finalise by the end of 2026 after consultation closes on 22 September.

2021Aug

Swiss DLT Act

Switzerland
Technology-neutral DLT and token classification, in force

Switzerland's DLT Act was among the first comprehensive blockchain legislation globally, integrating distributed ledger technology into existing legal frameworks. It introduces DLT securities, establishes clear custody rules, and creates a new license category for DLT trading facilities.

Official resources

Primary sources, by jurisdiction

Direct access to regulatory documentation, guidance, and analysis